ANSI/ASME B107.18M-2003 老虎钳(金属丝绞扭器)

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【英文标准名称】:StandardGuideforAbrasionResistanceofTextileFabrics(RotaryPlatform,Double-HeadMethod)
【原文标准名称】:纺织品耐磨性的标准指南(旋转平台、双头法)
【标准号】:ASTMD3884-2009
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2009
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D13.60
【标准类型】:(Guide)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:abrasion;rotaryplatform;textilefabric;Abrasionresistance--textilefabrics/fibers;Double-headabrader;Rotaryplatformabrader;Textilefabrics(general)
【摘要】:Themeasurementoftheresistancetoabrasionoftextileandothermaterialsisverycomplex.Theresistancetoabrasionisaffectedbymanyfactors,suchastheinherentmechanicalpropertiesofthefibers;thedimensionsofthefibers;thestructureoftheyarns;theconstructionofthefabrics;andthetype,kind,andamountoffinishingmaterialaddedtothefibers,yarns,orfabric.Theresistancetoabrasionisalsogreatlyaffectedbytheconditionsofthetests,suchasthenatureofabradant,variableactionoftheabradantovertheareaofspecimenabraded,thetensionofthespecimen,thepressurebetweenthespecimenandabradant,andthedimensionalchangesinthespecimens.Abrasiontestsareallsubjecttovariationduetochangesintheabradantduringspecifictests.Theabradantmustaccordinglybediscardedatfrequentintervalsorcheckedperiodicallyagainstastandard.Withdisposableabradants,theabradantisusedonlyonceordiscardedafterlimiteduse.Withpermanentabradantsthatusehardenedmetalorequivalentsurfaces,itisassumedthattheabradantwillnotchangeappreciablyinaspecificseriesoftests.Similarabradantsusedindifferentlaboratorieswillnotchangeatthesamerate,duetodifferencesinusage.Permanentabradantsmayalsochangeduetopickupoffinishingorothermaterialfromtestfabricsandmustaccordinglybecleanedatfrequentintervals.Themeasurementoftherelativeamountofabrasionmayalsobeaffectedbythemethodofevaluationandmaybeinfluencedbythejudgmentoftheoperator.Theresistanceoftextilematerialstoabrasionasmeasuredonatestingmachineinthelaboratoryisgenerallyonlyoneofseveralfactorscontributingtowearperformanceordurabilityasexperiencedintheactualuseofthematerial.Whilex201C;abrasionresistancex201D;(oftenstatedintermsofthenumberofcyclesonaspecifiedmachine,usingaspecifiedtechniquetoproduceaspecifieddegreeoramountofabrasion)andx201C;durabilityx201D;(definedastheabilitytowithstanddeteriorationorwearingoutinuse,includingtheeffectsofabrasion)arefrequentlyrelated,therelationshipvarieswithdifferentenduses,anddifferentfactorsmaybenecessaryinanycalculationofpredicteddurabilityfromspecificabrasiondata.Laboratorytestsmaybereliableasanindicationofrelativeend-useperformanceincaseswherethedifferenceinabrasionresistanceofvariousmaterialsislarge,buttheyshouldnotberelieduponwheredifferencesinlaboratorytestfindingsaresmall.Ingeneral,theyshouldnotberelieduponforpredictionofactualwear-lifeinspecificendusesunlesstherearedatashowingthespecificrelationshipbetweenlaboratoryabrasiontestsandactualwearintheintendedend-use.Thesegeneralobservationsapplytoalltypesoffabrics,includingwoven,nonwoven,andknitapparelfabrics,householdfabrics,industrialfabrics,andfloorcoverings.Itisnotsurprising,therefore,tofindthattherearemanydifferenttypesofabrasiontestingmachines,abradants,testingconditions,testingprocedures,methodsofevaluationofabrasionresistanceandinterpretationofresults.Allthetestproceduresandinstrumentsthathavebeendevelopedforabrasionresistanceoffabricsmayshowahighdegreeofvariabilityinresultsobtainedbydifferentoperatorsandindifferentlaboratories,however,theyrepresenttheproceduresmostwidelyusedintheindustry.Becausethereisadefiniteneedformeasuringtherelativeresistancetoabrasion,thisisoneoftheseveralproceduresthatisusefultohelpminimizetheinherentvariationinresultsthatmayoccur.Beforedefinitepredictionsoffabricusefulnesscanbedrawnfromanabrasiontestasmade..........
【中国标准分类号】:W55
【国际标准分类号】:59_080_30
【页数】:7P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语


【英文标准名称】:Applicationofequipotentialbondingandearthinginbuildingswithinformationtechnologyequipment
【原文标准名称】:带有信息技术设备的建筑物中等势连接和接地的应用
【标准号】:BSEN50310-2006
【标准状态】:作废
【国别】:英国
【发布日期】:2006-05-31
【实施或试行日期】:2006-05-31
【发布单位】:英国标准学会(GB-BSI)
【起草单位】:BSI
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:建筑物;定义;接地;配电;电气工程;电力设备;电气安全;电磁兼容性;信息技术;电位均衡;防电击;安全;建筑物服务设施;规范(验收)
【英文主题词】:Alternatingcurrent;Buildings;Definition;Definitions;Directcurrent;Earthing;Electricpowerdistribution;Electricpowerdistributionlines;Electricpowersystems;Electricalengineering;Electricalinstallations;Electricalsafety;Electromagneticcompatibility;EMC;Informationtechnology;Marking;Planning;Potentialequalization;Protectionagainstelectricshocks;Safety;Serviceinstallationsinbuildings;Specification(approval);Supplymains
【摘要】:ThisEuropeanStandardappliestotheequipotentialbondinginsidebuildingsinwhichinformationtechnologyequipmentisgoingtobeinstalled.Itcontributestothestandardisationofinformationtechnologyequipmentandco-ordinateswiththepre-requirementsofthegenericinstallationconditionsasoutlinedinIEC60364-5-548toachievethefollowingtargets:a)safetyfromelectricalhazards;b)reliablesignalreferencewithintheentireinformationtechnologyinstallation;c)satisfactoryelectromagneticperformanceoftheentireinformationtechnologyinstallation.Adefinedbondingconfigurationdowntotheequipmentlevelindependentoftheequipmentsupplierisintendedtofacilitatetheinstallation,operationandmaintenanceofinformationtechnologyinstallationsinbuildings;theinterworkingbetweendifferentinformationtechnologyequipment(interconnectedbymetalliclinks).Thespecificationofinformationtechnologyequipmentandofthepre-requirementsofinstallationaresubjecttoagreementoftheparties(e.g.theequipmentsupplierandthepurchaserorbuildingowner).Thisstandardappliestobuildingswithinformationtechnologyequpimentorinwhichtheinstallationofinformationtechnologyequipmentisintended.Itprovidesadditionalinformationforarchitectsofbuildingsandfordesignersandinstallersofelectricalinstallationsofbuildingsonsomeinstallationconceptsthatlimitelectromagneticinfluences.Basicconsiderationsaregivenheretomitigatesuchinfluencesthatmayresultindisturbance.Thisstandarddoesnotapplytobuildingswhichmaybesubjecttoaharshelectromagneticenvironment,orroomscontainingthegeneration,transmissionorterminationofvoltagesoverAC1000V.Thisstandarddoesnotaddressthespecificrequirementsfortelecommunicationcentres;thesearespecifiedinEN300253.
【中国标准分类号】:P92
【国际标准分类号】:29_120_50;91_140_50
【页数】:30P;A4
【正文语种】:英语