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ASTM E2412-2004 利用傅立叶变换红外线(FT-IR)光谱测定法通过趋势分析监测使用过的润滑剂状态的标准实施规程

作者:标准资料网 时间:2024-03-29 20:01:48  浏览:8374   来源:标准资料网
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【英文标准名称】:StandardPracticeforConditionMonitoringofUsedLubricantsbyTrendAnalysisUsingFourierTransformInfrared(FT-IR)Spectrometry
【原文标准名称】:利用傅立叶变换红外线(FT-IR)光谱测定法通过趋势分析监测使用过的润滑剂状态的标准实施规程
【标准号】:ASTME2412-2004
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:2004
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D02.96
【标准类型】:(Practice)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:条件控制;工业用油;变换;分析;光谱测定法;红外线;润滑剂;傅立叶
【英文主题词】:additivepackages;basestockdegradation;conditionmonitoring;contamination;Fouriertransforminfrared;FT-IR;fuel;glycol;infrared;IR;lubricatingoils;nitration;oxidation;petroleumbasedextremepressurelubricants;petroleumlubricants;polyolestersyntheticlubricants;soot;sulfates;trendanalysis;water
【摘要】:Periodicsamplingandanalysisoflubricantshavelongbeenusedasameanstodetermineoverallmachineryhealth.Atomicemission(AE)andatomicabsorption(AA)spectroscopyareoftenemployedforwearmetalanalysis(forexample,TestMethodD5185).Anumberofphysicalpropertytestscomplimentwearmetalanalysisandareusedtoprovideinformationonlubricantcondition(forexample,TestMethodsD445,D2896,andD6304).MolecularanalysisoflubricantsandhydraulicfluidsbyFT-IRspectroscopyproducesdirectinformationonmolecularspeciesofinterest,includingadditives,fluidbreakdownproductsandexternalcontaminants,andthuscomplementswearmetalandotheranalysesusedinaconditionmonitoringprogram(1,4-8).1.1ThispracticecoverstheuseofFT-IRinmonitoringadditivedepletion,contaminantbuildupandbasestockdegradationinmachinerylubricants,hydraulicfluidsandotherfluidsusedinnormalmachineryoperation.Contaminantsmonitoredincludewater,soot,ethyleneglycol,fuelsandincorrectoil.Oxidation,nitrationandsulfonationofbasestocksaremonitoredasevidenceofdegradation.Theobjectiveofthismonitoringactivityistodiagnosetheoperationalconditionofthemachinebasedonfaultconditionsobservedintheoil.MeasurementanddatainterpretationparametersarepresentedtoallowoperatorsofdifferentFT-IRspectrometerstocompareresultsbyemployingthesametechniques.1.2Thispracticeisbasedontrendinganddistributionresponseanalysisfrommid-infraredabsorptionmeasurements.Whilecalibrationtogeneratephysicalconcentrationunitsmaybepossible,itisunnecessaryorimpracticalinmanycases.Warningoralarmlimits(thepointwheremaintenanceactiononamachinebeingmonitoredisrecommendedorrequired)canbedeterminedthroughstatisticalanalysis,historyofthesameorsimilarequipment,roundrobintestsorothermethodsinconjunctionwithcorrelationtoequipmentperformance.Thesewarningoralarmlimitscanbeafixedmaximumorminimumvalueforcomparisontoasinglemeasurementorcanalsobebasedonarateofchangeoftheresponsemeasured().Thispracticedescribesdistributionsbutdoesnotprecludeusingrate-of-changewarningsandalarms.Note1Itisnottheintentofthispracticetoestablishorrecommendnormal,cautionary,warningoralertlimitsforanymachinery.Suchlimitsshouldbeestablishedinconjunctionwithadviceandguidancefromthemachinerymanufacturerandmaintenancegroup.1.3Spectraanddistributionprofilespresentedhereinareforillustrativepurposesonly,andarenottobeconstruedasrepresentingorestablishinglubricantormachineryguidelines.1.4Thispracticeisdesignedasafast,simplespectroscopiccheckforconditionmonitoringofusedlubricantsandcanbeusedtoassistinthedeterminationofgeneralmachineryhealththroughmeasurementofpropertiesobservableinthemid-infraredspectrumsuchaswater,oiloxidation,andothersasnotedin.Theinfrareddatageneratedbythispracticeistypicallyusedinconjunctionwithothertestingmethods.Forexample,infraredspectroscopycannotdeterminewearmetallevelsoranyothertypeofelementalanalysis.Thepracticeaspresentedisnotintendedforthepredictionoflubricantphysicalproperties(forexample,viscosity,totalbasenumber,totalacidnumber,etc.).Thispracticeisdesignedformonitoringusedlubricantsandcanaidinthedeterminationofgeneralmachineryhealthandisnotdesignedfortheanalysisoflubricantcomposition,lubricantperformanceoradditivepackageformulations.Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoft......
【中国标准分类号】:E34
【国际标准分类号】:75_100
【页数】:22P.;A4
【正文语种】:


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【英文标准名称】:WirelessFeatures:SubscriberPINAccess
【原文标准名称】:无线电通信特征:用户PIN存取
【标准号】:ANSI/TIA-664-520-A-2000
【标准状态】:作废
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2000
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国国家标准学会(ANSI)
【起草单位】:ANSI
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:电信;无线电工程;移动无线电通信系统
【英文主题词】:Features;Mobileradiosystems;Radioengineering;Telecommunications;Wireless
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:M36
【国际标准分类号】:33_070_50
【页数】:
【正文语种】:英语


【英文标准名称】:Identificationcardsystems-Surfacetransportapplications-InteroperablePublicTransportApplications-Framework;EnglishversionofDINEN15320:2008-02
【原文标准名称】:识别卡系统.水陆运输设备.可交替使用的公共运输设备.框架
【标准号】:DINEN15320-2008
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:德国
【发布日期】:2008-02
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:德国标准化学会(DE-DIN)
【起草单位】:
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:代码;数据元素;数据格式;数据媒体;数据结构;数据类型;定义;编码;IC卡;识别;识别卡;信息处理;信息技术;接口(数据处理);交替使用性;机读资料;运输方法;客运;支付;PPLT;剖面图;当地公共客运;安全要求;票证;运输
【英文主题词】:Codes;Dataelements;Dataformats;Datamedia;Datastructures;Datatypes;Definition;Definitions;Encoding;ICcards;Identification;Identitycards;Informationprocessing;Informationtechnology;Interfaces(dataprocessing);Interoperability;Machine-readablematerials;Meansoftransportation;Passengertraffic;Payment;PPLT;Profile;Publicpassengerlocaltraffic;Safetyrequirements;Tickets;Transportation
【摘要】:ThisEuropeanStandardspecifiessetsofdatapresentedataninterface,thecardsub-systeminterface,inastructuredformaswellastherulesfordealingwiththatdatatoenableproductssuchasticketstobewrittentoaMachineReadableCardinamannerwhichwillminimisetheamountofdatatobeheldonthecardwhileallowinganauthorisedpartytobeabletoaccessandinterpretthedataeasilyandefficiently.Thisisthebasisforpracticalinteroperabilityandassuch,thisEuropeanStandardformsthefoundationofinteroperabilityacrosssystemssubjecttocommercialagreementsandinterchangeofdetailsconcerninghowthisEuropeanStandardhasbeenphysicallyinterpreted.Aspartofthiscapability,thedesignofthedataenvironmentallowsfortheadditionofnewsetsofdatatorepresentnewormodifiedtransportproductswithoutcompromisingtheabilityofexistingterminalstocontinuetohandleallsetsofdataheldonthecard,whetherornottheyaretobeinterpretedandpossiblyused.Associatedwiththedataisthesetofprocesseswhichappliestothedatawithintheapplication.TheinclusionofprocessinthestandardmeansthatsimilardatawillbetreatedinasimilarwaybyallexternalservicesandterminalsleadingtotrueinteroperabilitythatcanbeachievedandmaintainedthroughthisEuropeanStandard.Inaddition,acknowledgementthattheapplicationspecifiesbothdataandprocessalsoimpliesthatitneedstoconsidersecuritybothatthelevelofaccessrightstodataandthesecurityoftheoverallenvironmentinwhichitoperates.ThesecurityrelatedclausesinthisEuropeanStandarddefinetheminimumrequirementoffunctionalitynecessarysuchthatinteroperabilitymaybesupportedwhileprotectinginformationstoredwithintheapplicationfromunauthorisedaccessandaccidentalormaliciousdamage.ThisEuropeanStandarddefinesanabstractcardtocardacceptingdeviceapplicationinterfacewhichmaybeimplemented,entirelyatthecardedge,ormayincludesomelogicinthecardacceptingdevicedependentuponthecapabilityofthecard.Theviewofsecurityissimilarintermsofanexternalsystemaccessing,viatheabstractinterface,MachineReadableCards,whichmaybejustacardoracard-cardacceptingdevicecombination.Thismeansthatsecuritycontrolsmayexistinthecard,thecardacceptingdeviceoracombinationofboth.AdditionaldescriptionsofsecurityarchitectureandexpectedimplementationissuesaredescribedinClauses7and8.ThisEuropeanStandarddescribestheminimumrequirementsforaninteroperabletransportapplicationthatmayexistonaMachineReadableCard,eitheraloneortogetherwithotherapplications,anditisthereforeadescriptionofdatasetsandformatsatthelogicallevel.TheabstractinterfaceneedstosupportmanyMachineReadableCardvarietiesthatconformtoacontactlessinterfacecompatiblewithISO/IEC14443.ISO/IEC14443Parts1to3needtobesupported.WhilethisEuropeanStandardappliesspecificallytoMachineReadableCards,othersmaywishprivatelytouseitwithothercustomermediasuchaskeyfobs,subjecttothecustomermediabeingabletointerfacewithcardacceptancedevicessupportingthisEuropeanStandardwhereinteroperabilityisrequired.Intermsoffilestructures,thedatasetsanddataformatsdescribedinthisEuropeanStandardareperfectlycapableofbeingmappedontoacardconformingtoISO/IEC7816-4.However,thisEuropeanStandarddoesnotdefinethecardarchitecture,andthedataformatsandstructuresitdefinesareequallycapableofbeingimplementedonapurememorycardoramorecomplexmulti-applicationcardconformingtosomeotherfileformat,subjecttothecardacceptancedevicesupportinganyrequiredfunctionalitythatthecardlacksinordertosupporttheinterfacerequirementsofthisEuropeanStandard.
【中国标准分类号】:L64;R07
【国际标准分类号】:35_240_15
【页数】:151P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语



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